Characteristics of the Teaching-Learning Process Associated to Critical Thinking from the Perspective of Nursing Teachers and Students

Abstract

Introduction: The Nursing major incorporates, in its undergraduate training program, the generic and specific competences of critical and reflective thinking, essential to providing holistic care.

Objective: To describe the characteristics of the teaching-learning process associated to critical thinking from the perspective of teachers and students of the Nursing major.

Methods: Descriptive and qualitative study carried out, in 2017, in the Nursing major of Universidad Católica del Norte, Chile. The analysis units were made up of eight scholars and twelve students, selected through convenience sampling, according to objectives, needs and methodological scope. The focus group technique was used. Content analysis was carried out, which gave rise to categorical matrices that emerge from the discourses.

Results: Critical thinking for scholars represents a complex reflective process, important to developing comprehensive skills. From the methodological point of view, they use strategies such as problem-based learning, case studies, low and high fidelity simulations, collaborative work, seminars and interactive classes, while emphasis is placed on inquiry. The evaluation process is framed within oral and written activities, using guidelines and headings.

Conclusions: The teaching of critical thinking is complex, a vital process in training. Teachers and students build a positive perception of critical thinking in the development of the teaching-learning process. Several categories emerge, such as teaching critical thinking, understood as progress to promote the development of reflective thinking; methodologies, to promote the conscious learning of students; and assessment of critical-reflective thinking, understood as mechanisms to deepen learning achievements.