Effectiveness of a Nursing Intervention to Reduce Depression in Individuals during the Preoperative Period of Cardiovascular Surgery

Abstract

Introduction: During the preoperative period of cardiovascular surgery, people frequently present high levels of depression, associated with little favorable surgical outcomes and, therefore, with the need for a nursing intervention to reduce such levels.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a nursing intervention to reduce depression in preoperative cardiovascular patients.

Methods: A preexperimental study with pretest and protest was carried out in a population of 88 people in the cardiovascular surgery service at Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Quirúrgicas, in Havana, Cuba, from March 2019 to June 2020. Depression was measured using the State/Trait Depression Inventory test. A nursing intervention was performed, based on the Adaptation Model of Sister Callista Roy, the Nursing Care Process, as well as the NANDA, NOC and NIC taxonomies, in order to reduce depression in preoperative cardiovascular patients. The results were compared and expressed as percentages, mean and absolute numbers. The chi-square and Fisher's exact probability tests were used. The association of variables was obtained with the nonparametric Wilcoxon test, with the dissociation rule if p ≤ 0.05, H_O is rejected.

Results: The male sex accounted for 57.92 % of the cases and the mean age was 57 years. After the intervention, depression was reduced by 27.27 % (p = 0.000).

Conclusions: The implementation of a nursing intervention to reduce depression in preoperative cardiovascular patients, based on the Adaptation Model of Sister Callista Roy, the Nursing Care Process, as well as NANDA, NOC and NIC taxonomies, showed effectiveness, since it was possible to modify depression in a positive and significant way, while optimizing postoperative outcomes.