Enfermedad de Alzheimer y factores de riesgo ambientales
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Objetivo: sistematizar los factores de riesgo clÃnicos sociales y ambientales asociados a la enfermedad de Alzheimer y su posible mecanismo fisiopatogénico.
Métodos: revisión sistemática a partir de la base de datos CUMED, EBSCO, Cochrane. Se revisaron estudios publicados en inglés y español entre 2010 y 2015, incluidas investigaciones de diversos diseños, metanálisis longitudinales, prospectivos, ensayos clÃnicos aleatorios, trabajos originales y artÃculos de revisión. Se utilizaron los motores de búsqueda enfermedad de Alzheimer y factores de riesgo de enfermedad de Alzheimer.
Conclusiones: factores de riesgo clÃnico socio ambientales, como baja reserva cognitiva, hábito de fumar, alcoholismo, depresión, obesidad y diabetes mellitus, contribuyen a la aparición de enfermedad de Alzheimer, y podrÃan actuar desde etapas tempranas de la vida e interactuar con otros factores genéticos. Es necesario realizar estudios multicéntricos que aborden los criterios de medicina basada en la evidencia para aportar las pruebas que corroboren la relación de los factores de riesgo ambientales con enfermedad de Alzheimer.
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